A secondary battery, also known as a secondary battery, is an electrical device that stores the obtained electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and converts chemical energy into electrical energy. According to different electrolytes, batteries are usually divided into alkaline batteries and acid batteries. In recent years, due to the rapid development of the transportation, communication, and computer industries, its product series, product types, and performance have undergone great changes to meet the needs of different uses. Batteries are mainly used in the starting of various vehicles, ships, aircraft, and other internal combustion engines, as well as lighting, ignition, energy storage, emergency power supply, telephone exchanges, uninterruptible power supplies, mobile communications, computers, electronics, instruments, portable power tools, electric toys, etc. In short, it is widely used in national defense, industrial and agricultural production, transportation, electricity, electronics, communication, teaching, scientific research, medical and health, and people’s daily life. My country’s battery industry has developed rapidly with the development of transportation, energy, communication, electronics, and computer industries. By the early 1990s, as many as a thousand companies were engaged in battery production. Among them, maintenance-free, valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries and metal Exports of new batteries such as nickel oxide and lithium marine batteries are rising.
Marine batteries generally use 200AH (or 150AH) flathead batteries. Unity, Fengfan, Baiyun, Haiou, CCB, and so on. Among them, the unified battery has a national-level ship inspection certificate, making it more reliable.
The principle of the battery: the battery is also called the secondary battery. This electrical device stores the obtained electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and converted the chemical energy into electrical energy.
Classification of batteries
Commonly used batteries include lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, iron-nickel batteries, metal oxide batteries, zinc-silver batteries, zinc-nickel batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries, etc. 1. The negative electrode of a lead-acid battery is lead, the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the electrolyte is sulfuric acid. There are mainly starting type, fixed type, traction type, power type, and portable type, most of which are open or acid-proof type, and a small amount is GEL battery. In recent years, sealed lead-acid and other battery products have replaced the original lead-acid batteries in many fields. Lead-acid batteries are inexpensive, suitable for low-temperature high-rate discharge, and widely used. However, due to the low specific energy of lead-acid batteries, the production process is toxic and pollutes the environment, which affects the scope of its use
2. The negative electrode of the nickel-cadmium battery is cadmium, the positive electrode is nickel oxide, and the electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. Common shapes are square, button, and cylindrical, with three structures: opening, sealing, and full. The pole plate manufacturing method is divided into the pole plate box type, the sintering type, the pressing type, and the pulling type. Nickel-cadmium batteries have the characteristics of a high discharge rate, good low-temperature performance, and long cycle life.
3. The metal hydride nickel battery is a new product developed in the 1980s. The negative electrode is hydrogen-absorbing rare earth alloy, the positive electrode is nickel oxide, and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide aqueous solution. It is 1.5-2 times larger than a cadmium nickel battery. It can be quickly charged, has excellent high-rate discharge performance, low-temperature discharge performance is cheap, and has no pollution. It is called a green battery.
4. The negative electrode of the iron-nickel battery is iron powder, the positive electrode is nickel oxide, and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. It has the characteristics of firm structure, durability, long service life, and low specific energy, and it is mostly used in the power supply of mine transport vehicles.
5. The negative electrode of a zinc-silver battery is zinc, the positive electrode is silver oxide, and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide aqueous solution.
6. The negative electrode of the zinc-nickel battery is zinc, the positive electrode is nickel oxide, and the electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with high specific energy and low price but short life. In recent years, the cycle life of zinc-nickel batteries has been greatly improved. The improved cycle life will be more widely used.
- The negative electrode of 12V lithium ion battery is a carbon (graphite), and the positive electrode is lithium cobalt oxide, using an organic electrolyte with high voltage, high specific energy, excellent cycle life, and safe and pollution-free, called green power.
The marine environmental technical conditions that marine batteries must meet include the following:
1. Adapt to vibration and shock. Vibration can loosen the fixed or connected parts of electrical equipment and cause structural damage or failure of the components. Therefore, there must be anti-loosening, vibration damping, or vibration isolation measures and a solid mechanical structure resistant to vibration and shock.
2. Adapt to tilt and sway. Continued tilting and swaying disrupt the balance of forces in the normal resting position, creating additional forces on moving parts, and resulting in equipment failure or damage.
3. Adapt to the ambient temperature. Ambient temperature significantly impacts the performance and service life of electrical equipment. Ambient temperature includes air temperature and sea water temperature.
4. Adapt to the environment of humidity, salt spray, oil mist, and mold. Moisture, salt mist, oil mist, and mildew in the ambient air degrade the insulating properties of electrical equipment insulation materials and cause rust and corrosion of metal parts. The moist salt spray forms a moisture leakage film on the surface of the insulating material. The mold secretes organic acids under humid and hot conditions, aggravating surface moisture. The adhesion of oil mist and dust to the surface increases the surface’s leakage, hinders heat dissipation, and increases the temperature. Moist water molecules penetrate the cracks and capillaries of the insulating material, increasing the leakage current and causing the insulation resistance to drop. Damage to many electrical equipments is often caused by the thermal breakdown of insulating materials. As the temperature exceeds a certain limit, the aging of the insulating material will be accelerated, and the insulating properties will be lost. Therefore, marine cables, wires, windings, etc., should use insulation materials with higher heat resistance grades that are resistant to moisture, salt spray, mildew and materials with good flame retardancy, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance.
5. Adapt to changes in ship grid voltage and frequency. The ship power system( Taking a off grid solar system for example) is a limited independent grid. Both voltage and frequency are affected by load changes, so the range of voltage and frequency changes is specified, and it must be able to work effectively within this range.
6. Protection requirements. To avoid failure or damage of electrical equipment due to the intrusion of external solid and liquid foreign objects, thereby causing fire hazards, general electrical equipment should be provided with protective enclosures.